人民陪审的路径检视及制度展望——以全过程人民民主为视角

The Review of the People's Assessor System and The Prospect of its Institution——The Perspective on the Whole-process People's Democracy

我国人民陪审员制度目前尚处“同职同权”与“分职分权”并存的二元模式,未来发展方向将是完全过渡至“分职分权”模式。全过程人民民主是我国人民陪审员制度的价值根基。陪审员发表法律意见,有利于在司法裁判中引入社会观念,实现司法民主、监督司法公正、促进法官说理。为更好地在人民陪审员制度中实践全过程人民民主,后续改革在遵循“分职分权”方向的同时,应保留人民陪审员发表法律意见的权利。具体而言,应明确陪审员参加法庭审判的案件标准,以必要的法官指示提升陪审员参审质量,保证陪审员意见在判决中得到充分体现。

At present,the people's assessor system in China is still in the dualistic mode of“equal power in the same position”and“different power in the different position”.The future development direction would be a complete transition from the mode of“equal power in the same position”to the mode of“different power in the different position”.Whole-process people's democracy is the foundation of the people's assessor system in China.The expression of legal opinions by jurors is conducive to the supervision of judicial impartiality,the promotion of reasoning by judges and the realization of judicial democracy.In order to better practise the whole-process people's democracy in the people's assessor system,the subsequent reform,while following the direction of separating of duties and powers,should not completely eliminate the participation of people's jurors in the application of law,but retain the right of people's jurors to express legal opinions.Specifically,the criteria for jurors to participate in court trials should be clarified,the quality of jurors'participation should be improved with the necessary judge's instructions,and the opinions of jurors should be consistently reflected in the judgement.