行政执法指导案例遴选机制的审思与构建

Review and Construction of the Selection Mechanism for Guiding Cases for Administrative Law Enforcement

行政执法指导案例遴选机制由遴选权配置、遴选标准、遴选程序等三方面内容组成。行政执法案例指导制度能否稳健运行,关键在于案例遴选机制能否遴选出具有指导价值的案例。分析案例遴选权的性质,案例遴选权属于行政管理权的组成部分,案例遴选行为是具有立规特征的行政管理性行为。因此,配置案例遴选权应坚持“遴选主体层级与案例预期功能相适应原则”,仔细研判不同层级行政机关所能遴选的案例类型。在设计案例遴选标准方面,应立足行政执法特殊语境,从促进行政机关管理能力提升的角度,拟定案例遴选标准。在完善案例遴选程序方面,应以案例质量为先导,拓宽案例来源,提升案例审查阶段的专业化、民主化水平,防范“行政主导”模式下可能引发的形式主义风险。

The administrative law enforcement guiding case selection mechanism consists of three aspects,such as the allocation of selection rights,selection criteria,and selection procedures,and the key to whether the case guidance system can operate steadily lies in whether the case selection mechanism can select cases with guiding value.By analyzing the nature of the case selection right,the case selection right is an integral part of the administrative management power,and the case selection act is an administrative act with the characteristics of regulation.Therefore,in the allocation of case selection rights,we should adhere to the principle that“the level of the selection subject is compatible with the expected function of the case”,and carefully study and judge the types of cases that can be selected by administrative organs at different levels.In the design of case selection standards,case selection criteria should be drafted from the perspective of promoting the improvement of administrative organs'management capacity based on the special context of administrative law enforcement.In improving the case selection process,we should take the quality of cases as the guide,broaden the sources of cases,improve the level of specialization and democratization in the case review stage,and prevent the risk of formalism that may occur under the“administrative-led”model.