德国法学对葡萄牙私法教义学之影响

The Influences of German Legal Science on the Portuguese Private Law Doctrines

德国私法对葡萄牙法的影响始于19世纪末。1867年旧的《葡萄牙民法典》尚未借鉴学说汇纂法学的研究成果,其体例和内容主要承继《法国民法典》与《奥地利普通民法典》。自20世纪初起,随着葡萄牙学者对德语国家学者著作接触渐多,德国法对葡萄牙法的影响日益显著。1966年的新《葡萄牙民法典》继受了《德国民法典》的“五编制”体例,其颁布至今已五十余年。在此期间,葡萄牙私法教义学主要受德国法学的影响,在这其中,德国当代法学家卡纳里斯教授的学说影响甚广。《葡萄牙民法典》深刻地影响了整个葡语系国家和地区的民商事立法,现行《澳门民法典》就是直接继受1966年《葡萄牙民法典》而来。2022年,中共中央、国务院印发了《横琴粤澳深度合作区建设总体方案》,为稳步推进粤港澳大湾区建设提供了重要的制度保障。在这其中,作为法治保障的重要环节,就是要在遵循宪法和澳门特别行政区基本法的前提下,逐步构建民商事规则衔接中国澳门、接轨国际的制度体系。民法典作为民商事规则的基本法律和重要载体,在这一过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用。

The influence of German private law on Portuguese law began at the end of the 19th century.The old Portuguese Civil Code of 1867 did not draw on the research results of the Pandektistik,and its style and content were mainly inherited from the French Civil Code(CC)and the Austrian Common Civil Code(ABGB).Since the beginning of the 20th century,the influence of German law on Portuguese law has become increasingly significant as Portuguese scholars have more and more contact with the works of German-speaking scholars.The new Portuguese Civil Code in 1966 inherited the“five books”system of the German Civil Code(BGB).More than fifty years have passed since the promulgation of the new Portuguese Civil Code,during which time,the doctrines of Portuguese private law were mainly influenced by German jurisprudence.Among them,the theories of contemporary German jurist Professor Canaris had a great influence.The Portuguese Civil Code has profoundly influenced the civil and commercial legislation of the entire Portuguese-speaking countries and regions.The current Macao Civil Code is directly inherited from the 1966 Portuguese Civil Code.In 2022,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the“Overall Plan for the Construction of the Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone”,providing an important institutional guarantee for the steady advancement of the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Among them,as an important part of the protection of the rule of law,it is necessary to gradually build an institutional system in which civil and commercial rules are in line with Macao and international standards on the premise of abiding by the Constitution and the Basic Law of the Macao region Special Administrative Region.As the basic law and important carrier of civil and commercial rules,the Civil Code plays a pivotal role in this process.