公司法强制性规范适用逻辑的个案反思

A Case Study on the Applicable Logic of Mandatory Norms of Company Law

公司法具有较强的组织法、程序法属性,使得程序正义在公司治理中容易被绝对化、强制化,并置实体正义于不顾。也即在公司治理纠纷中,法院在依据《公司法》规定认定相关行为效力时容易陷入形式主义误区。这种形式化、程序化思维的滥用不利于各方主体的利益平衡:一则规范性质、目的不清导致权利与义务的偏位、手段和目的的偏位;二则行为本身的独特性、差异性被规范的抽象性、统一性所取代;三则程序正义过于绝对化使得大量股东自治等行为仅因程序瑕疵就被认定为违反效力性强制性规定。总之,公司法强制性规范适用机理的混乱严重破坏公司治理、股东自治等,亟待纠正。

Company law has strong organizational law and procedural law attributes,making procedural justice easy to be absolutized and mandatory in corporate governance,and ignoring substantive justice.That is to say,in corporate governance disputes,courts are prone to fall into formalistic misunderstandings when determining the validity of relevant acts in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law.The abuse of formalized and procedural thinking is not conducive to the balance of interests of all parties:firstly,the nature of norms and unclear objectives lead to the imbalance between rights and obligations,means and objectives;secondly,the uniqueness and difference of the behavior itself are replaced by the abstraction and unity of the norm.The three procedural justice is too absolute so that a large number of shareholders'autonomy and other acts are recognized as violating the mandatory provisions of validity only because of procedural defects.In short,the confusion of the applicable mechanism of the mandatory norms of the Company law seriously damages corporate governance and shareholder autonomy,and needs to be corrected.