期待可能性的人性意涵和实践反思

The Humanness Meaning and Practical Reflection of Expected Possibility

期待可能性理论在刑法理论界虽然还有争议,但是在司法实践中已生根发芽,成为一种重要的诉讼话语。立足于我国司法实践中适用期待可能性事由的情形,阐释期待可能性之人性基础在传统文化下的异别性。将人性法则与情感理性的“合理的内容”,经过理性的审视和批判之后,上升为法不强人所难这一“合理的形式”。期待可能性作为一个责任认定的构成性要素,提供了一个容纳传统文化价值、理念和规范的形式法理,是法不强人所难这一“合理的形式”的刑法阐释。当前司法实践中对期待可能性的认同,正是因为此概念激发了中国人对法律文化传统中的亲伦人性的群体记忆,而借用这一形式法理将传统与现代勾联起来,从而揭示出具有中国主体性的“一个”(a)期待可能性,而不是“那个”(the)期待可能性,以化解司法实践中合法律性与合理性之间的冲突。

Although the theory of expected possibility is still controversial in the field of criminal law theory,it has taken root in judicial practice and has become an important litigation discourse.Based on the application of the reasons for expectant possibility in China's judicial practice,this paper explains the difference between the human nature basis of expected possibility under traditional culture.After rational examination and criticism,the“rational content”of human nature and emotional rationality is elevated to the“rational form”of the law that is not difficult for others.As a constitutive element of responsibility determination,the expected possibility provides a formal jurisprudence that accommodates traditional cultural values,concepts and norms,and is a“rational form”interpretation of the criminal law that the law is not difficult for others.The recognition of the expected possibility in current judicial practice is precisely because this concept stimulates Chinese group memory of the pro-human nature in the legal cultural tradition,and borrows this formal jurisprudence to link tradition and modernity,thereby revealing“an”expected possibility with Chinese subjectivity,rather than“the”expected possibility,so as to resolve the conflict between legality and rationality in judicial practice.