论生存权保障视域下自由财产的范围

The Scope of Exempt Property in Individual Bankruptcy in the View of the Right to Subsistence

我国个人破产法中的自由财产制度的立法目标应该是保障债务人及其所扶养家属的生存权,其保障界限不限于维持生命,还包含维护人格尊严。我国现阶段自由财产制度不保障发展权,可基于生存权保障目标为债务人保留职业用品和生产工具。“最低限度生活标准”的模糊性导致自由财产认定中债务人生存权与债权人债权相互抵牾。为化解二者间的冲突,个人破产立法可以借鉴执行豁免财产规则,明确列举自由财产的类型。立法层面可为自由财产设置必要性限制,个案中确认自由财产范围应遵循比例原则。债务人于破产程序中新取得财产可用于分配,其中未来收入可以按最低工资标准统一计算基准。

The legislative goal of exempt property in China's individual bankruptcy law should be to guarantee the debtors'right to subsistence.It could protect debtors'life and personal dignity.Keeping the necessary professional supplies and production tools for debtors is also a guarantee of the right to subsistence.At the present,the legislative goal cannot be extended to the protection of debtors'right to development.The ambiguity of“minimum standard of living”leads to the conflict between the debtors'right to subsistence and the creditors'right in the determination of exempt property.In order to resolve the conflict between them,the individual bankruptcy law can refer to the exempt property in executing,and clearly stipulates the types of free property.The exempt property should be restricted by necessity in statute law,principle of proportionality should be followed to judge the scope of exempt property in individual cases.The newly acquired property of debtors in the bankruptcy procedure can be used for distribution,and the future income can be calculated according to the minimum wage standard.