我国家事非讼程序的反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of Non-litigation Procedures in Our Country

家事事件具有情感性、公益性和牵连性等特殊属性。家事事件讼争性小,家事非讼程序既适用于非讼事件也可以适用于部分争讼事件,比家事争讼程序更具有灵活便捷的特点,更符合家事事件的特征。而我国将非讼程序以特别程序命名,两个概念混同适用对于家事事件的处理和家事非讼程序的发展都产生了阻碍。因此,重构家事非讼程序应正视家事非讼程序与大多数家事案件的适配性,将家事非讼程序职权探知主义、不公开审理主义、书面审理主义等原则确定为家事非讼程序的基本原则;打破程序法理二元分离适用论的桎梏,探索适用程序法理交错适用论;采用家事非讼程序单独立法的立法例,取消特别程序的概念,以非讼程序予以代替。

Family events have special attributes such as emotion,public welfare and involvement.Family matters are less contentious,and family non-litigation procedures are applicable to both non-litigation events and some contentious events,which is more flexible and convenient than the dispute procedure,and can better meet such characteristics of family events.In China,non-litigation procedures are named after special procedures,and the mixed application of the two concepts has hindered the handling of family matters and the development of non-litigation procedures in family matters.Therefore,the reconstructing of family non-litigation procedures should face up to the suitability of family non-litigation procedures with most family cases,and determine the principles of the principle of authority inquiry,closed trial and written trial of family non-litigation procedures as the legal basic principles of family non-litigation procedures.Break the shackles of the theory of dual separation and application of procedural jurisprudence,and explore the theory of interlaced application of procedural jurisprudence.Legislation adopting separate legislation on family non-litigation procedures,eliminating the concept of special procedures and replacing them with non-litigation procedures.