“深度伪造”法律规制的新范式与新体系

New Paradigm and System of Legal Regulation of “Deep Fake” Technology

“深度伪造”是一种基于深度学习的内容合成技术,具有高度真实和简易操作的技术特征。“深度伪造”虽然在教育、医疗、文创和娱乐等领域具有极大的应用价值,但其潜在风险也给公民隐私、社会秩序和国家安全带来巨大隐患和威胁。当前“深度伪造”的法律规制主要秉持“技术—经济”范式,而相对忽视了技术和资本对社会及公民的负面影响,导致现有规制体系存在监管缺位、责任不明、技术异化等问题。“深度伪造”技术的协同规制要跨入“技术—经济—社会”新范式,需要构建和完善“深度伪造”技术的新规制体系,即底层个人生物识别信息要合法使用,中层“深度伪造”算法须合规审查,上层“深度伪造”应用场景应具有合理限度。

“Deep fake”is a content synthesis technology based on deep learning,which has the technical characteristics of high authenticity and easy operation.Although“deep fake”technology has great application value in the fields of education,medical treatment,cultural innovation and entertainment,its potential risks also bring great hidden dangers and threats to citizens’privacy,social order and national security.At present,the legal regulation of“deep fake”technology mainly adheres to the“technology-economy”paradigm,but relatively ignores the negative impact of technology on society and individuals,resulting in the absence of supervision,unclear responsibility,technology alienation and other problems in the existing regulation system.In order to step into the new paradigm of“technology-economy-society”,the diversified governance of“deep fake”technology needs to build and improve the new regulation system of“deep fake”technology,that is,the underlying personal biometric information should be used legally,the middle-level“deep fake”algorithm must be arranged in compliance,and the upper level“deep fake”application scenario has reasonable limits.