区际“碳公平”的责任分配与法治进路

Responsibilities Distribution and Rule of Law Approach of Interregional “Carbon Equity”

“双碳经济”下,我国区域间存在着碳排放与碳消费的责任脱离现象,部分区域承担了碳排放利益在时间与空间上的双重让渡,形成了严重的外部性问题,其本质是国家宏观调控下区域发展利益的政策性剥夺。我国现行法律尚未对区域间碳排放利益不公平配置问题作出规制。碳排放利益的“转入区”需承担一定补偿责任,责任来源于碳排放权内含的区域发展权,其强调碳排放责任应在相关区域主体之间均衡分配、以实现区际公平协调发展目标。为使该问题项下的责任分配具有合法性与科学性,需从法理视角对区域责任进行细化分配,引入严格责任以配置碳排放利益转移问题下各类区域的权利义务,并通过明确碳排放权的法律性质与行使机制,构建区际横向补偿与纵向调配法律制度,切实减缓碳排放利益区际外溢问题,构建起以权利为起点、以责任为终点的区域碳排放利益法治体系。

Under the“dual carbon economy”,there is a separation of responsibility between carbon emissions and carbon consumption between regions in China,and some regions have assumed the double concession of carbon emission benefits in time and space,forming a serious externality problem,the essence of which is the policy deprivation of regional development benefits under state macro-control.China’s current laws do not yet regulate the inequitable allocation of carbon emission benefits between regions.The“transfer-in zone”of carbon emission benefits is subject to certain compensation responsibilities,which are derived from the regional development rights embedded in carbon emission rights,and emphasises that carbon emission responsibilities should be distributed in a balanced manner among relevant regional players to achieve the goal of inter regional equitable and coordinated development.In order to make the allocation of responsibilities under this issue legitimate and scientific,it is necessary to refine the allocation of regional responsibilities from a jurisprudential perspective,introduce strict responsibilities to allocate the rights and obligations of various regions under the issue of carbon emission benefit transfer,and through clarifying the legal nature and exercise mechanism of carbon emission rights and constructing a legal system of inter regional horizontal compensation and vertical deployment,effectively mitigate the problem of inter regional spillover of carbon emission benefits,and build a regional carbon emission benefit rule of law system with rights as the starting point and responsibilities as the ending point.