法律监督体系与监督能力现代化进程中的检察监督

Procuratorial Supervision in the Process of Modernization of the Legal Supervision System and Supervision Capacity

我国法律监督体系是在八二宪制的国家机构体系下围绕公权力监督所产生的,其内涵与外延随着国家治理体系与治理能力现代化有了新的注解,内蕴于其中的法理逻辑是坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的有机统一。我国传统法律监督体系存在监督功能重叠、运行机制单向、监督机构不独立等诸多问题,国家监察体制改革使传统法律监督体系的监督主体、监督范围、监督手段以及监督效果焕然一新。但这一改革也使得检察机关作为“国家的法律监督机关”这一宪制定位受到冲击影响,检察机关为应对这一定位危机提出了四大检察的内生性职能体系调整。因应四大检察而生的检察职能配置与法律监督机关性质定位之间存在着法律监督悖论、法律监督手段疲软、法律监督范围狭窄等诸多张力,需要在《中共中央关于加强新时代检察机关法律监督工作的意见》的指引下在中国特色法律监督体系的整体架构中推进检察机关法律监督工作的制度建设。

China’s legal supervision system is produced around the supervision of public power under the state institutional system of the 1982 Constitution.Its connotation and extension have new annotations with the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.The legal logic contained in it is to adhere to the organic unity of the CPC’s leadership,the people’s mastery and the rule of law.China’s traditional legal supervision system has many problems such as overlapping supervision functions,one-way operation mechanisms,and non-independence of supervision bodies,and the reform of the state supervision system has made the supervision subjects,scope of supervision,supervision means,and supervision effects of the traditional legal supervision system completely new.However,this reform has also affected the constitutional position of the procuratorial organs as the“legal supervision organ of the state”,and the procuratorial organs have proposed the adjustment of the endogenous functional system of the four major procuratorates in response to this positioning crisis.There are many tensions between the allocation of procuratorial functions in response to the four major procuratorates and the nature and positioning of legal supervision organs,such as the paradox of legal supervision,the weakness of legal supervision means,and the narrow scope of legal supervision.It is necessary to promote the institutional construction of legal supervision of procuratorial organs in the overall framework of the legal supervision system with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee on Strengthening the Legal Supervision Work of Procuratorial Organs in the New Era.