危害国家人类遗传资源安全犯罪立法述评

Legislative Review on Endangering the Security of National Human Genetic Resources Crime

人类遗传资源是国家重要战略资源,严重危害国家人类遗传资源安全行为的犯罪化,是落实党中央加强生物安全保护要求的具体体现,也是保障我国人类遗传资源安全的重要措施,具有重大理论和现实意义。《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》规定了危害我国人类遗传资源安全犯罪具体个罪的罪状和法定刑,为危害国家人类遗传资源犯罪治理法治化提供了刑法依据。但是,对照政策要求以及考虑到相关法律规范间的协调关系,刑法典第334条之一对危害国家人类遗传资源安全犯罪个罪罪状的设计,存在客体范围狭窄、行为方式不周延、法定刑设置失衡等问题,建议通过正确适用危害国家安全罪或危害公共安全罪中的具体罪名,解决客体范围狭窄问题;通过合理解释,解决行为方式不周延问题;充分利用想象竞合犯和牵连犯理论,解决法定刑配置失衡问题。

The human genetic resources are strategically important resources for a state.And the criminalization of the behavior"serious damage to national human genetic resources security"is not only the concrete embodiment of implementation of the Party Central Committee to strengthen the biological security protection requirements,but also an important measure to ensure the security of human genetic resources in our country.It has great theoretical and practical significance.The Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates the specific individual crime and legal punishment of endangering the safety of the human genetic resources crime in China,which provides the criminal law basis for the legalization of the management of endangering human genetic resources crime.However,compared with the policy requirements and considering the coordination relationship between the relevant legal norms,there are some problems in the design of the individual crime of endangering the national human genetic resources security in article 334-1 of the Criminal Code,such as the narrow scope of the object,the improper behavior mode and the imbalance of the statutory sentence.We should solve the problem of narrow object scope by applying the specific charges in the endangering national security crime or public security crime correctly.And in order to solve the problem of incomplete behavior,reasonable explanations are needed.Additionally,we ought to solve the problem of imbalance in the allocation of statutory sentence by making full use of the theory of imaginative joinder of offenses.