网络爬虫刑事违法的立场、标准和限制

The Position,Standard and Restriction of Criminal Violation of Internet Crawler

为避免网络爬虫成为悬在头顶的"达摩克斯利剑",必须明确违法的界限,而明确违法的界限的前提则必须明确刑事违法的本质以及应当基于何种立场明确标准。实质违法标准有规范违反论和法益侵害论的两种理论,单独的规范违反论或者法益侵害论均不能合理有效地解决我国的现实需要,对二者加以融合后的二元规范违反论更加符合转型的实践立场和信息网络快速发展的需要。二元论倡导以法益保护为核心,提倡功利主义哲学,根据数据的公开性、半公开性、非公开性分类予以规范,爬虫行为的核心要素"授权同意",避免暴力强行进入为其底线,并且注意使用爬虫数据的正当性与合法性。网络爬虫的违法性判断须回归社会通常观念,将本来因犯罪遭受破坏的规范效果重新得到巩固,应从三个维度予以限制。

In order to avoid the Internet crawler from becoming the sword of Damocles,it is necessary to clarify the boundary of violation of law,and the premise of defining the boundary of violation of law is to clarify the nature of criminal violation and what position should be based on to clarify the standard. There are two kinds of theories of substantive illegal standards: the theory of violation of norms and the theory of infringement of legal interests. Neither the theory of violation of norms nor the theory of infringement of legal interests can reasonably and effectively solve the practical needs of our country. The theory of dual violation of norms after the integration of the two theories is more in line with the practical position of transformation and the needs of rapid development of information network. Dualism advocates the protection of legal interests as the core,advocates utilitarianism philosophy,pays attention to the openness of data to determine the legitimacy of behavior,and grasps the core element of infringement of legal interests "authorized consent ". The judgment of illegality should consider whether the objective behavior creates risks not allowed by law,but the judgment of illegality should be restricted from macro,meso and micro dimensions.