法律的道德影响:以《婚姻法解释(三)》为例

On Moral Impact of Law:Taking “Interpretation of Marriage Law (Ⅲ)” as an Example

法律机构无时无刻不在实施改变我们的道德的行动。任何法律决定都无疑影响了我们道德境况,并成为其中的一部分,使我们很难像过去那样做出道德决定。由于对婚姻内部动机结构的重要误解,《婚姻法解释(三)》在以下几个方面对婚姻这项重要的社会制度和生活方式产生了事与愿违的影响:一是坚持形式平等而忽略了婚姻家庭分工的事实;二是致力于离婚中人身关系和财产关系的分割;三是忽略了离婚规制对进入和维持婚姻行为回溯性的导向作用,因为鼓励在离婚中的人身和财产分割会激励人们在进入和维持婚姻时就对人身和财产做分离;四是未加辩护地使婚姻家庭法财产方面从属于合同法和物权法,从而撕裂作为一项特殊社会制度的婚姻。这一法律施加重要道德影响的事例提醒我们,紧要的问题不是去争议法律是否应与道德分离,而是去探究法律如何实际影响了道德。我们应更为审慎和全面地考虑立法、解释和适用中可能的道德影响。

The institutions of law are constantly in action to change our morals.Any legal decision undoubtedly affects our moral situation and becomes a part of it,making it difficult for us to make moral decisions as we have done in the past.Due to the important misunderstanding of the internal motive structure of marriage,the"Interpretation Of Marriage Law(Ⅲ)"has produced counterproductive effects on marriage,an important social system and way of life,in the following aspects:(1)insisting on formal equality while ignoring the fact of division of labor in marriage and family;(2)working on the division of personal and property relations in divorce;(3)ignoring the retroactive guiding of divorce regulation on entering and maintaining marriage,for encouraging the division of person and property in divorce will encourage people to separate person and property when they enter and stay in a marriage;(4)unjustifiably subordinating the property aspects of marriage and family law to contract law and property law,thus tearing apart marriage as a special social institution.This example reminds us that the urgent question is not whether the law should be separated from morality,but how the law actually affects morality.We should consider more carefully and comprehensively the possible moral impacts of legislations,interpretations and applications.