粗放和精细:论立法技术的秩序建构路径

Rough And Delicate: How Do Legislative Strategies Construct Law Order

"宜粗不宜细"在我国立法实践中作为一种权宜之计而出现,在经验视角中粗放和精细的区分常常从法律文本的角度展开,其区分标准取决于立法者意欲通过立法活动建构一种框架型还是精密型的法律秩序。通过对立法数据的统计能够发现,在整体视野下三十年来我国法律文本的条文和篇幅均呈现增长之势,立法技术所建构的框架型法律秩序在数量上多于精密型秩序,但精密型秩序在法律实践中则更为频繁地被适用;而在具体法律视角中,精细型技术细致地雕刻着精细型秩序。从理论的视角观察,两种立法技术的适用阶段各有不同:粗放型技术所进行的秩序建构本质乃是较大规模的法律移植,并在某部具体法律产生的初期发挥作用;而精细型技术的实质是伴随着社会精细化的动态过程而进行的对秩序的完善。在选择法律技术时,应当在不同层面考虑国家发展趋势与需求、法律的发展阶段和修改成本等因素。而当我们对立法技术进行反思时,发现精细型立法技术并非主张法律万能论。

"Rough But Not Delicate"Policy appeared as expedient in China’s legislative practice.The distinction between rough and delicate strategies is often expressed in the form of legal texts.The criterion of distinction depends on whether the legislators intend to construct a frame-like or a precise law order.This paper based on legislative data.The data show that in the past 30 years,the number of clauses and the length of legal texts of Chinese law overall have been increasing.The number of frame-like law orders is more than that of precise order,but the delicate order is more frequently applied in legal practice.Delicate legislative strategies have profoundly changed the delicate order.In the perspective of jurisprudence,the stages to operate such two legislative strategies are different:the essence of the rough legislative strategies to construct order was transplanting laws on a large scale,and it also functioned in the initial period of a specific law.The essence of delicate strategies is to promote law order with the dynamic process of social refinement.In the choice of legislative strategies,what should be considered are national development trend and demand,the development stage of law and the cost of amendment at different levels.When reconsidering the legislative strategies theoretically,it turns out that the delicate legislative strategies do not advocate the omnipotence of law.