传统手工艺知识产权保护的路径选择与制度设计

Path Selection and System Design for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Traditional Crafts

由于缺乏必要的规范供给与理论储备,传统手工艺资源在市场化利用中利益分配秩序颇为混乱。因现行知识产权制度对其保护的空间与力度极为有限,修改实体和程序规则缺乏科学性,创设特别权利制度具有必要性且具备理论与实践基础,我国应当选择构建传统手工艺权制度的路径。具体制度设计为:权利客体是手工技艺、技艺表现形式及其相关的符号性要素;权利主体采用二分法:群体享有精神权利,现世正在从事传承活动的传承人享有财产权利;授权方式为自动保护;权利内容为"标示来源权""公开权""维持同一性权""经济补偿权""排除妨害权";"禁止转让、赠与、质押、强制执行""合理使用""有条件的无限期保护"共同构成权利限制制度。

Due to the lack of necessary normative supply and theoretical reserves,the distribution order of the benefits of traditional handicraft resources in the market-oriented utilization is rather chaotic.Because the current intellectual property system has very limited space and strength to protect it,the modification of entity and procedural rules lacks scientific,the creation of special rights system is necessary and has theoretical and practical basis,China should choose the path of constructing the traditional handicraft rights system.The specific system is designed as:the object of rights is the craft,the expression of skills and its related symbolic elements;the subject of rights adopts the two-way method:the group enjoys the spiritual right,the inheritor who is engaged in the inheritance activities in the world enjoys the property right;the authorization method is automatic protection;the content of the right is"the right to indicate the source","the right to disclose","the right to maintain the same sex","the right to economic compensation"and"the right to exclude obstruction";The prohibition of transfer,gift,pledge and enforcement of"reasonable use"and"conditional indefinite protection"constitute a system of limitation of rights.