藜麦农艺性状及品质对不同播期的响应

Responses of agronomic traits and quality of Chenopodium quinoa to different sowing dates

为深入了解播期对藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)生长发育的影响及适宜播期对区域气候条件的响应,在位于柴达木盆地的乌兰县开展10个分期播种试验,自4月28日起每5 d设1个播期,分析藜麦生长期、农艺性状及营养成分对播期的响应。结果表明,各播期下藜麦完熟全生育期为136~158 d,播期偏晚(晚于6月2日)不能正常成熟。从播种至完熟所需≥0℃积温为1913.6~2188.3℃,灌浆至成熟期≥0℃积温≥774.2℃;分枝期、现穗期、成熟期及全生育期与≥0℃积温和播期呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)负相关。≥0℃积温与有效分枝数、有效分枝占比和茎粗呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关,日照时数与有效分枝数和株高呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关。粗脂肪含量与全生育期和≥0℃积温呈显著负相关(P<0.05),其他所测营养成分与播期和气象因子相关不显著。由各相关性分析结果可以看出,播期明显影响藜麦的生育进程、有效分枝数、株高和粗脂肪含量。

In order to understand the effect of sowing date on the growth and development of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.and the response of suitable sowing date to regional climatic conditions,10 sowing experiments were carried out in Wulan County,located in Qaidam Basin,and sowing dates were set up every 5 days from April 28.The response of C.quinoa growing period,agronomic characters and nutrient composition to sowing date was analyzed.The results showed that the full growth period of C.quinoa was 136 to 158 days under each sowing date,and the maturity of C.quinoa could not be normal if the sowing date was late(later than June 2).The accumulated temperature of≥0℃from seeding to maturity(perfect)was 1913.6~2188.3℃,and the accumulated temperature of≥0℃from grouting to maturity was≥774.2℃.Branching stage,heading stage,maturity stage and whole growth stage were significant(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)negative correlated with accumulated temperature of≥0℃and sowing date.Accumulated temperature of≥0℃was significantly(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)positively correlated with effective branch number,effective branch proportion and stem diameter,and sunshine hours were extremely significantly positively(P<0.01)correlated with effective branch number and plant height.The crude fat content was significantly negatively(P<0.05)correlated with the whole growth period and accumulated temperature of≥0℃,and other nutrients were not significantly correlated with sowing date and meteorological factors.The results of correlation analysis showed that sowing date significantly affected the growth process,effective branch number,plant height and crude fat content of C.quinoa.