不同施氮水平对小麦氮素利用及土壤养分的影响

Effects of different nitrogen application levels on nitrogen utilization of wheat and soil nutrients

为了探讨小麦氮素利用与产量之间的调控关系,以济麦22为供试材料,通过田间试验研究了不同施肥处理对小麦氮素利用及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,与不施肥相比,施有机肥显著提高了小麦的穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,施用有机肥(鸡粪)和有机肥(尾菜+秸秆)与不施肥相比小麦产量分别提高24.04%~44.98%和26.54%~47.48%。不论是单施化肥、有机肥还是有机肥化肥配施,与不施肥相比均能提升小麦的收获指数,同时提高小麦种植土壤的有机质和速效养分含量,其中有效磷含量可以提高44.02%~85.73%。不论是单施化肥、有机肥还是有机肥化肥配施均可提高小麦产量、氮收获指数和土壤养分含量,其中以有机肥(尾菜+秸秆)FM50处理效果最好。

In order to explore the regulatory relationship between nitrogen utilization and yield of wheat,Jimai22 was used as the experimental material to determine the effects of different fertilization treatments on nitrogen utilization of wheat and soil nutrients were studied by field experiment.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer(chicken manure)and organic fertilizer(vegetable waste+straw)significantly improved the number of ears,grains per ear and 1000 grain weight of wheat,which compared with Non-nitrogen application treatment;the wheat yield increased by 24.04%~44.98%and 26.54%~47.48%respectively.Whether chemical fertilizer applyingalone,organic fertilizer or combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can improve the harvest index of wheat and the content of organic matter and available nutrients in wheat planting soil,in which the content of available phosphorus could be increased by 44.02%~85.73%.Either single application of chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer or combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could improve wheat yield,nitrogen harvest index and soil nutrient content,among which the treatment effect oforganic fertilizer(vegetable waste+straw)FM50 was the best.