地缘政治与全球市场:全球资源治理的两种逻辑

In the Core of Global Resource Governance: The Implications of the Interplay between Geopolitics and Market

地缘政治博弈与全球市场化是当前全球资源治理体系演变的两个基本逻辑。基于地缘政治思维的资源治理一直在全球资源政治经济中扮演重要角色,而由于资源治理要素发生变化,与资源治理相关的地缘政治从生产国与消费国的二元博弈模式逐渐转向多中心化模式。同时,随着冷战的结束,全球资源市场不断发展,基于市场化的灵活治理体系也在不断演进,主要体现为金融化、多利益攸关方的深度参与,以及市场路径下资源治理目标的多元化。地缘政治与全球市场这两个逻辑之间并不是替代与被替代的关系,其背后是"主权"与"全球产业链"的冲突与协调,且两个逻辑在历史进程中并未割裂,而是呈现从"强地缘政治—弱市场"到"强地缘政治—中市场"再到"强地缘政治—强市场"发展趋势,要确保当前的全球资源治理体系的顺利运作,需要处理好两个逻辑的混合发展趋势。中国正面临着全球资源政治经济体系转变过程中的新机遇和新挑战,应当积极适应这一趋势,深化相关参与路径,尽可能引领规则制定,推动资源治理向更加公平与合理的方向发展。

Geopolitical game-playing and gobal marketization are the two basic logics behind the current global resource governance system.Resource governance based on geopolitical thinking has always played an important role in the global resource politics and economy.Due to changes in the new geopolitical elements of resource governance,the geopolitics of resource governance has gradually transformed from the dichotomy game between producer and consumer countries into a multi-centric model.At the same time,with the end of the Cold War,the global resource market continues to develop,while the flexible governance system based on marketization has as well made progresses,reflected mainly in financialization,in-depth participation of multiple stakeholders,and the diversification of market paths and resource governance objectives.The relationship between the two logics is not that between the substitute and the one being substituted.The determining factor behind such a relationship is the strong interaction and conflict between sovereignty and global industry chain.It has not been split in the historical process,which on the other hand has shown a development trend from"strong geopolitics/weak market"to"strong geopolitics/middle market"and then to"strong geopolitics/strong market".It is necessary to deal with the mixed development trend of the two logics in order for the current global resource governance system to proceed smoothly.China is facing both new opportunities and new challenges in the transformation of the global resource political and economic system.It should actively adapt to such a trend,deepen its path of participation,lead the rule-making process as much as possible,and promote the development of resource governance towards a more fair and reasonable direction.