基因科技犯罪的保护法益及其教义学思考

The Protection Interests of Gene Technology Crime and Its Doctrinal Thinking

非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪的增设标志着我国刑法正式对基因科技犯罪作出回应,当前学界对该罪的立法正当性和周延性批判有余,而对其保护法益和具体适用的教义学解读不足。模糊而抽象的人类尊严和伦理秩序,由于无法发挥立法批判和指导解释的方法论功能,不宜作为该罪的保护法益。最近饱受关注的人类遗传安全和生物安全,由于都属于更宽泛的基因犯罪或生物犯罪保护的类型法益,且混淆了规范保护目的与保护法益,也不宜作为该罪的保护法益。秩序法益具有独立的存在价值和意义,但需要进一步明确其具体内容。将基因技术管理制序作为该罪的保护法益,具有适格性和合理性。结合该罪的保护法益,应从危害后果、危害行为、研究用途以及是否受过行政处罚等方面,正确理解“情节严重”这一定罪量刑的关键要素。

The crime of illegal implantation of gene editing and cloning of embryos is a new crime that responds to the crime of gene science and technology in China’s criminal law.The vague and abstract human dignity and ethical order cannot play the methodological function of legislative criticism and guiding interpretation,so it is not suitable for the protection of the crime.Human genetic security and biosecurity,which have been concerned recently.belong to the broader type of legal interests of gene crime or biological crime protection,and confuse the purpose of normative protection with the protection interests,so it is not suitable to be the protection interests of this crime.The interest of order law has independent value and significance,but its specific content needs to be further clarified.It is appropriate and reasonable to take the genetic technology management institution as the protection interest of this crime.Combining the benefit of the protection law of this crime,we should correctly understand the key elements of“serious circumstances”in the sentencing of a certain crime from the aspects of harmful consequences,harmful behavior,research purposes and whether the crime has been subjected to administrative punishment.