网络中立帮助行为的可罚性界定与罪名选择

Defining the Punishability of Net-neutral Helping Behavior and Choosing the Charge

对“中立性”本身的解释无益于解决网络中立帮助行为的可罚性问题。行为方式的“中立性”不阻却帮助行为的构成要件该当性,只可能影响实质违法性或有责性的评价。基于法益衡量原理,中立帮助行为所创设的法益大于(或等于)所侵害的法益,而行为人事先无法避免合法与违法之间的冲突时,才得以被认定为不具有违法性。网络犯罪中立帮助行为可能构成具体犯罪的帮助犯,也可能直接构成帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪,对二者的选择既要考察构成要件的区别又要注意处罚根据的不同。对于网络犯罪中立帮助行为的入罪判断,可以在阶层视角下逐一审查帮助的故意、行为促进、情节严重、法益衡量下的实质违法性、避免义务下的期待可能性等要点。

The interpretation of“neutrality”itself is not helpful to solve the problem of the punitiveness of net neutrality helping behavior.The“neutrality”of the behavior does not hinder the conformity of the constituent elements of the behavior,and may only affect the evaluation of substantial illegality or responsibility.Based on the principle of legal interest measurement,the legal interest created by the neutral assistance act is greater than(or equal to)the legal interest infringed,and the perpetrator cannot avoid the conflict between legality and illegality beforehand,and then it can be determined to be not illegal.Neutral assistance in cybercrime may constitute a helper of a specific crime,or it may directly constitute the crime of aiding cybercriminal activities in information.The choice of the two should not only examine the difference in constituent elements,but also pay attention to the difference in the basis of punishment.For the criminal judgment of neutral assistance in cybercrime,we can examine the intention of assistance,promotion of behavior,seriousness of circumstances,substantial illegality under the measurement of legal interests,and the possibility of expectation under obligation to avoid one by one from the perspective of hierarchy.