消防责任事故罪的困境与出路——基于419个刑案的实证研究

The Dilemma and Way out of Fire Control Liability Accident Crime——An Empirical Study Based on 419 Criminal Cases

消防责任事故罪承担的使命与被寄予威慑与保障双重功效的期待不相匹配,其立法与司法实践现状理应受到足够重视,以实证研究方法深入剖析是最佳路径。通过对419个具有客观性、典型性、代表性的研究样本的分析可知:消防责任事故罪入罪门槛高,主要在于其犯罪构成客观要件方面;重大责任事故罪司法适用呈现扩张化趋势,挤压了消防责任事故适用空间;消防责任事故罪与重大责任事故罪未彻底割断,存在替代性风险。解决消防责任事故罪适用困境的根本出路在于厘清消防责任事故罪立法本意、删除消防责任事故罪构成要件前置条件、重构消防责任事故罪犯罪构成要件以及探索消防责任事故罪出罪若干规则运用,以实现消防责任事故罪的回归,真正发挥其威慑与保障双重功效。

The mission of fire responsibility accident crime does not match die expectation of placing deterrence and guaranteeing the dual effect.The status quo of legislation and judicial practice should be paid enough attention,and the in-depth analysis of empirical research is the best path.By selecting 419 objective,typical and representative criminal cases,We have found the following problems:the high threshold for fire liability accidents mainly lies in the objective elements of the crime.The judicial application of the crime of major liability accidents presents an expansionary trend,squeezing the application space of fire control liability accidents.The crime of fire responsibility accident is not completely separated from the crime of major responsibility accident,and the crime of fire responsibility accident has an alternative risk.The fundamental way out to solve the dilemma of fire responsibility accident crime is to clarify the legislative intention of fire responsibility accident crime,delete the requirements of fire responsibility accident crime,reconstruction of fire responsibility accident crime elements and explore the use of several rules of fire responsibility accident crime,in order to realize the return of fire responsibility accident crime,to play the dual effect of deterrence and guarantee.