轻重犯罪分离的标准研究

Standard Study on the Separation of Misdemeanor and Felony

轻罪的立法化导致司法实践中轻罪数量不断增加,但犯罪体系并没有及时应变,明显影响了我国犯罪治理的效果。犯罪分离是一个体系性问题,根据治理的需要,可以将犯罪分为重罪、轻罪和微罪。在分离过程中,应当根据实际需要选择不同的标准。首先,采用实质标准确立犯罪体系,并且将微罪从其他犯罪中分离出来。其次,利用形式标准对重罪和轻罪进行划分。最后,采用程序性标准与实体法进行衔接,实现刑事一体化层面的呼应和衔接。实质标准和形式标准实现刑法层面的轻重分离,程序性标准实现刑事诉讼法层面的快慢分道,二者共同推进刑事案件的繁简分流。

The legalization of petty crimes leads to the increasing of misdemeanors in judicial practice,but the criminal system does not respond in time,which affects the effect of crime governance obviously.The separation of crimes is a systematic problem.According to the needs of governance,crimes can be divided into felony,misdemeanor and petty misdemeanor.In the separation process,we should choose different standards according to the needs.First of all,we should adopt substantive standard to establish the criminal system and separate petty crimes from other crimes.Secondly,we sue formal standard to classify felonies and misdemeanor.Finally,we use procedural standards to connect substantive law,which could distinguish different crimes in criminal procedure law.Substantive standard and formal standard realize the separation of the in criminal law,and procedural standards can realize the processing mode of criminal procedure law,they jointly promote the separation of complicated and simple criminal cases.