毒品犯罪治理模式的系统省思与结构优化

Systematic Reflection and Structural Optimization of Drag Crime Governance Model

当下毒品犯罪治理模式在价值理念上基于家长主义的立场,敌视毒品供给并力求禁绝毒品;在制度安排上突出刑事法律体系的功能优势,并模糊设定禁毒法制内部要素的“势力范围”;在方法选择上立足“一过性”的运动式打击,辅之以“恒久性”的常态化整治。实践中,因循“控制为本”的管理惯性,在愈禁愈烈的毒情面前,施政者秉持禁绝毒品的价值理念,在治理路径与刑事治理手段上不断加码,然而治理效果却不尽如人意。针对毒品犯罪的运动式打击既是管控逻辑的自然延伸,又是因应治理资源总量有限与繁杂的治理需求之间紧张关系的“无奈之举”。优化毒品犯罪治理模式,应当在思维层面上以治理化替代管理化,在价值导向层面由敌视化转向现象化,在制度设计层面上以适正性、确定性为核心,在治理方法层面上以常态化整治为主、运动式打击为辅。

The current mode of drug-related crime governance is based on paternalism,hostile to the supply of drugs and striving to ban drugs;in the institutional arrangement.it highlights the functional advantages of the criminal law and vaguely sets the“sphere of influence”of the internal elements of the anti drug legal system;in the method selection.it is based on the“transient”campaign strike,supplemented by the“permanent”normalization.In practice,following the management inertia of“control oriented”,the value concept of banning drags,in the face of the increasingly serious drag situation,we choose to increase the weight on the governance path and criminal governance means,but the effect is not obvious.The campaign against drug crimes is not only a natural extension of the control logic,but also a“helpless move”to deal with the tension between the limited total amount of governance resources and complex governance needs.To optimize the drag crime governance model,we should replace management with governance in the thinking level;turn from hostility to phenomenalization in the value orientation level;take appropriateness and certainty as the core in the system design level;take normalization as the main and sports strike as the auxiliary in the governance method level.