论赔偿在命案量刑中的作用

On the Role of Compensation in the Sentencing of Homicide Cases

“杀人偿命”和“花钱买命”之辩,体现了命案裁量中的义利之争。中国人的生命观、祖先崇拜观、鬼魂观念等影响了中国人对死刑的看法,也能够解释传统中国人对于“杀人偿命”的坚持和古代中国法律对于“杀人者死”的规定。国家法律虽然规定“杀人者死”,而且禁止“私和”,但民间却出现“救死不如救生”的“潜规则”。命案“私了”或“私和”,体现了人们的一种经济理性。随着社会的发展,中国人的生命观、祖荫观念、鬼神观等发生变化,“杀人偿命”观念也随之松动,但被根本改变还需要时间。近年来,在有些刑事或刑事附带民事案件处理过程中,被告人是否以及在多大程度上对被害人及其亲属作出赔偿对其刑事责任产生了重大影响,原因在于误解了恢复性司法、滥用司法解释、倾向功利主义、忽视民众正义观念等,应依法严格适用刑事和解、完善相关刑事司法解释、尊重常识常理常情、建立刑事被害人救助制度,防止金钱赔偿对命案裁量影响过大.进而损害司法公正。

The debate between"a life for a life"and"spending money for life"reflects the dispute between justice and interest in the discretion of homicide cases.Chinese people’s views on life,ancestor worship and ghost have influenced their views on death penalty.It can explain the traditional Chinese people’s insistence on"a life for a life"and the ancient Chinese law’s stipulation on"the murderer must be put to death".Although the national law stipulates"the murderer must be put to death"and forbids private reconciliation",there are"hidden rules"that"saving the living is better than saving the dead"among the people.The private reconciliation of homicide cases reflects people’s economic rationality.With the development of society,Chinese people’s outlook on life,ancestral shade,ghosts and gods have changed,and the concept of"a life for a life"has also become loose,but it will take time for a fundamental change.In recent years,in some criminal or criminal incidental civil cases,whether and to what extent the defendant makes compensation to the victim and his or her relatives has a significant impact on his or her criminal responsibility.The reason lies in misunderstanding of restorative justice,abusing judicial interpretation,inclining to utilitarianism,neglecting the concept of public justice,etc.We should strictly apply criminal reconciliation,improve relevant criminal judicial interpretation,respect common sense and common sense,and establish a criminal victim relief system.It is necessary to prevent the influence of monetary compensation on the discretion of homicide cases,thus damaging the judicial justice.