我国预备犯的应然处罚模式及其实现路径

The Punishment Modeand Its Realization for the Preparatory Offender

在我国刑法中,普遍处罚预备犯是法律解释的当然结论,也是立法理念的直接反馈。受此影响,司法实践中对预备犯的处罚并未限制在必要限度内,因此应通过立法方式实现预备犯处罚模式的理性回归。在立法技术上,无法将应罚的预备行为全部设置为实质预备犯,因此应保留少量的形式预备犯立法。在预备犯的现行处罚模式中,全面处罚模式应被摒弃,不罚模式存在立法障碍,例外处罚模式符合立法趋势,且具有法理和现实正当性。在立法限定预备犯的处罚范围时,应以重大法益侵害原则作为限定标准,将预备犯的处罚范围限定于刑法保留死刑适用的罪名中,与死刑罪名形成一一对应关系。在预备犯的立法结构上,应通过总则设置原则性规定与分则设置具体处罚规定相结合的方式,实现对预备犯的例外处罚。

In China’s criminal law,the widespread punishment to the preparatory offender is not only the conclusion of the legal interpretation,but also the feedback of the legislative ideas.However,in judicial practice,the punishment to the preparatory offender is not limited to the necessary range and the modification and perfection of the punishment mode of the preparatory offender should be realized through legislation.In terms of legislative techniques,a small amount of formal preparatory offender should be retained as it is impossible to set all criminal preparatory acts that should be punished as essential preparatory offender.In the punishment mode for preparatory offender,the full penalty mode should be abandoned,the no penalty mode has legislative obstacles and the exceptional penalty mode not only conforms to the legislative trend but also has legitimacy.When restricting the punishment scope of the preparatory offender,the principle of infringe on the significant legal interests should be taken as the standard,and the punishment scope should be limited to the serious crimes that retain the application of death penalty.In the legislative structure of the preparatory offense,it is necessary to realize the exceptional penalty mode by combining the general provisions with the specific penalty provisions of the specific provisions of the criminal law.