打击跨国犯罪中的刑事司法协助问题研究

Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters to Control(Transnational) Criminality

刑事司法协助存在的基础在于他国不能恣意在其司法管辖区外进行刑事司法活动,因此刑事司法协助在处理跨境犯罪案件以及具有跨境性质的国内案件中具有重要意义。国际上通过缔结包含刑事司法协助义务条款的专门性公约,以及建立国家间、区域性刑事司法协助机制来促进与深化刑事司法协助的发展,前者包括维也纳公约、《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》、2007年《刑事司法协助示范法》等公约的缔结,后者的典型实践则是欧盟从刑事司法协助向相互承认的转变。尽管在全球和欧洲区域层面的刑事司法协助机制稳步发展,但是仍然需要采取创新性的方法减少与主权相关的可选择的拒绝理由,与人权保护相结合,减少对于国家主权的依赖。

The foundation of the existence of mutual legal assistance(MLA)lies in that judicial authorities cannot arbitrarily execute investigative measures outside their judicial jurisdiction,thus mutual legal assistance can be of vital importance to deal with both cases of transnational crime and domestic cases with a cross-border dimension.At the global level,in order to promote and deepen development of mutual legal assistance,topical conventions that include MLA obligations have been subscribed and inter state and regional mechanisms of criminal judicial assistance have been established;the former includes the Vienna Convention,UNTOC,the 2007 Model Law on MLA and so on,and the typical practice of the latter is the shift from MLA to mutual recognition(MR).Despite steady development of MLA mechanisms at the global and European regional levels,there is a need for an innovative approach to reduce the optional grounds for refusal linked to sovereignty,combine with human rights protection and reduce the dependence on national sovereignty.