强奸罪中“致人死亡”的司法认定

Judicial Determination of “Causing Death” in the Crime of Rape

对强奸罪结果加重犯的认定,可以从因果关系、罪过形式和“其他严重后果”等方面进行考虑。在因果关系方面,理论上有多种学说,但考虑到我国司法实务的情况,可以选择相当因果关系作为判定标准。罪过形式上,行为人至少存在过失,间接故意也可构成,在间接故意的情况下,仍按照强奸罪一罪处罚;如果行为人出于直接故意,则属于犯意转化,可能构成数罪。对于“其他手段”的理解,在结果加重犯的问题上可以选择抽象危险说进行判断;对于“其他严重后果”的认定,在形式上要与“重伤”“死亡”后果具有相当性,并有一定层级上的区分;在实质层面,要结合刑法的基本原则并参考比例原则进行具体问题的判断。犯罪形态上,区分情况认可结果加重犯的未遂。在基本犯未遂、加重结果出现的情况下,认定为全案既遂。

The recognition of the consequential aggregated of rape can be considered from the aspects of causality,criminal mentality and"other serious consequences".In terms of causality,there are kinds of theories in theory.Considering the situation of China’s judicial practice,we can choose the equivalent causality as the criterion.In criminal mentality,the doer is at least negligent,and the indirect intention can also be constituted.In the case of indirect intention,the crime of rape is still punished as one crime.If the doer is directly intentional,it is intention transformation and may constitute several crimes.For the understanding of"other means",we can choose the abstract danger theory to judge the problem.The identification of"other serious consequences"should be equivalent to the consequences of"serious injury"and"death"in form,and should be differentiated at a certain level.At the substantive level,it is necessary to combine the basic principles of criminal law with the principle of proportion for the judgment of specific issues.On crime stages,we recognize that there is attempted crime exists in consequential aggregated according to different situations,but the Basic Crime,aggravated consequence consummated.