集体法益视野下获取公民个人信息行为的入罪限度研究

The Study on the Crime Limit of Acquiring Citizens’ Personal Information from the Perspective of Collective Legal Interest

侵犯公民个人信息罪的法益,其本质是集体法益,是国家对公民个人信息的宏观管理秩序,包括国家对公民个人信息的掌控权和决策权,以及公民对其个人信息的所有权和专属权。确定该罪名的法益,方可确定该罪的调整范围与手段限度。以集体利益为视角,讨论获取公民个人信息行为的入罪,应当从获取行为的违法性程度、获取信息的途径方式、获取行为的手段限度三个方面对入罪进行探讨,分别以具备滋生信息犯罪性、违反国家有关规定、社会危害性严重为潜在条件,对购买、收受、交换和收集四种获取公民个人信息的行为的入罪条件进行严格限制。

The essence of the legal interest of the crime of infringing upon the personal information of citizens is collective legal interest,which is the macro management order of the state to the personal information of citizens,including the control and decision-making power of the state to the personal information of citizens,as well as the ownership and exclusive right of citizens to their personal information.Only when the legal interest of the crime is determined,can the adjustment scope and means limit of the crime be determined.From the perspective of collective interests,to discuss the crime of acquiring citizens’personal information,we should discuss the crime from three aspects:The degree of illegality of acquiring behavior,the way of acquiring information,and the limit of means of acquiring behavior,respectively,with the potential conditions of breeding information crime,violating the relevant provisions of the state,and serious social harm as the potential conditions,to purchase,receive,exchange and receive set four kinds of personal information access to citizens of the crime conditions for strict restrictions.