规范与事实:损害商业信誉、商品声誉罪解读

Norms and Facts:Interpretation of Crime of Damaging Commercial Credit and Commodity Reputation

理论上对损害商业信誉、商品声誉罪的理解存在较大争议,实践中对该罪的适用率较低,企业对该罪名的适用期待较高。本罪的实质在于保障社会主义市场交易秩序和他人的商誉权;“捏造并散布”应解读为“散布”;虚伪事实包括虚假信息、恶意评价信息及误导性信息。对虚伪事实的判断,应结合消费者对相关企业商誉的认知来认定。对作为本罪定量因素要求的“给他人造成重大损失或者有其他严重情节”的理解,应从本罪保护的法益入手。“给他人造成重大损失”,体现为对他人已然利益和未然利益的损害;“有其他严重情节”指的是“给他人造成重大损失”之外的严重情节。本罪的主观罪过包括间接故意和过失。

There is a lot disputes on understanding the elements of the constitution of crime of damaging commercial credit and commodity reputation;The utilization rate of this crime in current judicial practice is low,while enterprises expect it to be applied.The essential meaning ofthis crime is to ensure the order of transactions in the socialist market and to protect the goodwill right of others."Fabricating and then spreading"should be interpreted as"spreading".False facts include false information,malicious evaluation and misleading information.The judgment of the false facts should be based on consumers’perception of the goodwill of the relevant companies.As for the interpretation of the quantitative factor of the conviction for this crime:"significant losses are caused to the person,or there are other serious circumstances",we should start with the legal interests protected by this crime.The scope of"significant losses are caused to the person"is reflected in damage to the already existing interests of others and damageto the attainable interests of others."other serious circumstances"means the serious circumstances other than"significant losses caused to the person".Subjective offence of this crime include indirect intention and negligence.