论国际法中的煽动恐怖主义犯罪

The Offence of Incitement to Terrorism in International Law

联合国安全理事会在第1624(2005)号决议中呼吁各成员在国内立法中对煽动恐怖主义行为进行规制,并将其视为防止恐怖袭击和打击网络恐怖主义宣传的不可或缺的机制。然而,这一决议并没有对煽动恐怖主义犯罪的客观和主观要件进行界定。在区域层面,欧洲委员会和欧盟对这一罪行作出了宽泛的定义。国际层面定义的缺失和欧洲层面宽泛的定义引发了对表达自由权的关注。本文将选择一组国家考察其如何对煽动恐怖主义行为进行刑事立法,从而明确该类犯罪的犯罪构成要件并提出立法可能引发的问题。本文同时借鉴煽动灭绝种族罪,并基于对人权的关注和对国家经验的考察,尝试提出煽动恐怖主义罪的定义。

In Resolution 1624(2005)the Security Council called upon Member States to prohibit incitement to terrorism in national law as an indispensable mechanism in preventing terrorist attacks and combating online terrorist propaganda.The resolution did not,however,define the material and mental elements of the crime of incitement to terrorism.At the regional level,the Council of Europe and the EU have provided a broad definition of the crime.The lack of an international definition and the broad definition at the European level raise concerns with regard to the right of freedom of expression.The contribution will examine how incitement to terrorism has been criminalised in a selected group of States in order to determine the key elements of the crime and the problems criminalization raises.The contribution will equally draw inspiration from the crime of incitement to genocide to propose a definition of the crime of incitement to terrorism,taking into account human rights concerns and national experiences.