东北亚安全局势下韩国反恐怖犯罪立法现状的考察

Investigation on South Korea’s Anti-terrorism Under North-east Asia Security Situation

近年来,随着国际反恐局势日趋严重,世界各国一方面在寻求国际合作的同时,也开始在国内立法方面加强对恐怖犯罪的立法。现阶段,东北亚地区面临新的安全局势,作为中国的邻国韩国也于2016年3月3日制定了专项打击恐怖犯罪的《以国民保护和公共安全为目的防止恐怖法》,形成了以反恐专项立法为核心,刑法、部门法为补充的打击恐怖犯罪规制体系。该体系具有"打击国家恐怖主义""侦查权扩充与限制相平衡""国内立法与国际公约密切衔接"等特点,对我国开展东北亚地区反恐安全合作具有积极意义。本文在系统梳理韩国反恐犯罪历史沿革的基础上,重点介绍了在概念界定、应对网络恐怖主义宣传、专项打击恐怖主义等方面较为成熟的做法,为我国完善反恐立法提供借鉴。

In recent years,with the international anti-terrorism situation becoming seriously,countries around the world on the one hand seek international cooperation,and also began to strengthen the domestic legislation on terrorist legislation.At this stage,Northeast Asia is facing a new security situation.South Korea,as China’s neighbor,also formulated a special plan to crack down on terrorist crimes in March 3 rd 2016."Prevention of Terrorism Law for the purpose of national protection and public security"It has formed a system of anti-terrorist crime regulation with special anti-terrorism legislation as the core and criminal law and department law as the supplement.The system has the characteristics of"combating state terrorism","balancing the expansion and limitation of investigation power"and"close connection between domestic legislation and international conventions",which has positive significance for China to carry out counter-terrorism security cooperation in Northeast Asia.On the basis of systematically combing the history of anti-terrorist crime in South Korea,this paper focuses on the more mature practices in defining the concept,dealing with the propaganda of network terrorism,and special combating terrorism,so as to provide a reference for our country to perfect the anti-terrorism legislation.