我国内地与香港特区刑事管辖冲突下逃犯移交问题研究

Studies on the Transfer of Escaped Criminals Under the Conflict of Criminal Jurisdiction between the Mainland and Hong Kong~

在内地与香港的刑事司法协助活动中,逃犯移交可能是与刑事管辖权冲突最紧密相连的环节。逃犯移交面临的首要问题便是明确刑事管辖权的最终归属。然而,内地与香港在刑事管辖冲突的处理上始终未能形成统一的原则与标准,且香港刑法并未对刑事管辖原则进行统一规定,这直接导致了移交逃犯中各种障碍的产生。为了顺利解决逃犯移交问题,首先应当合理解决两地之间的刑事管辖权冲突。基于两地目前司法管辖冲突现状,可行的解决方案应是以属地管辖原则为主,而当涉及实际控制的情形时,实际控制原则可以对抗属人管辖原则与保护管辖原则。在明确管辖权所属后,鉴于两地之间尚未形成统一的标准,则应当在设立个案协查机制的基础上签订个别协议,并进一步推进"一揽子"的协议签订方式,直到最终形成统一的立法规范。此外,在逃犯移交过程中应当设置相应的时效条件,适度采用"双重犯罪"原则,并严格遵循"本地居民不移交"原则。

Among the criminal justice assistance activities between the Mainland and Hang Kong,the transferring of escaped criminals might be closest link with the conflict of criminal jurisdiction between the two places.The first and foremost problem in transferring escaped criminals is to define their ultimate jurisdiction.However,the Mainland and Hong Kong have never been able to form a unified principle and standard in handling the conflict of criminal jurisdiction;and the Criminal Law of Hong Kong does not stipulate its principles of criminal jurisdiction.These directly lead to all kinds of obstacles in transferring escaped criminals.How to solve the problems smoothly?First of all,the conflict of criminal jurisdiction between the two places should be reasonably resolved.Based on the current status of jurisdictional conflicts between the two places,the feasible solution could be under the priority of the principle of territorial jurisdiction;and when dealing with the condition of actual control,the principle of actual control could counter the other two principles of personal jurisdiction and protective jurisdiction.When the belonging of ultimate jurisdiction is clear,in further addressing specific issues of transferring escaped criminals,considering that there are no uniform norms in the two places,individual agreements should be signed on the basis of setting up a case assistance mechanism;and a"package"agreement should be promoted until the formation of an unified legislative norms.Besides,in the process of transferring escaped criminals,relevant aging conditions should be set and the principle of"double crime"should be moderately adopted and should strictly abide by the principle of"No handover for local residents".