我国走私犯罪的立法反思——以走私行为的犯罪化与非犯罪化为视角

Reflections on the Legislation of Smuggling Crime in China——From the Perspective of Criminalization and Decriminalization in Smuggling

走私犯罪作为法定犯罪,其存在具有理论依据和现实需求。走私犯罪的立法演变呈现犯罪化与非犯罪化交织变换的特点,走私犯罪的犯罪圈大小应当与我国走私的状况相适应,以走私行为的社会危害性为基础决定犯罪化或非犯罪化。目前我国走私犯罪存在定性上不周延,列举式立法模式存在诸多缺陷;定量上入罪门槛过低,刑罚过度扩张违背刑法谦抑性等问题。根据我国目前走私犯罪的特点,走私行为的刑事立法应当坚持犯罪化与非犯罪化并行的方式,在定性上以犯罪化为主,确立以海关法分类为基础的走私犯罪类型立法模式,进一步扩大犯罪圈;在定量上,应当坚持非犯罪化为主,逐步提升入罪门槛,从而科学划分走私罪的犯罪圈大小。

As a statutory crime,the existence of which has a theoretical basis and realistic needs.The legislative evolution of smuggling crime is characterized by the combination and alternation of criminalization and decriminalization.The size of the criminal sphere of smuggling crime should be in accordance with the situation of smuggling in China.The criminalization or decriminalization of smuggling should be based on the social harm of smuggling.Currently,there exists conviction imperfection of smuggling crimes in China,such as the defects in enumerative lawmaking;over-low standard for criminal conviction in quantitative term as well as the excessive expansion of penalty that is against modesty of criminal law.According to the characteristics of domestic smuggling crime,the criminal legislation of smuggling should adhere to a parallel pattern of criminalization and decriminalization.Regarding the qualitative term,criminalization should be focused on so as to establish a legislation pattern of smuggling crimes based on the classification of customs law;regarding the term of quantitative term,decriminalization should be focused on so as to gradually enhance conviction standard and scientifically classify the criminal sphere of smuggling cimes.