海洋刑法特性及其罪刑规范体系建构

The Characteristics of Sea Criminal Law and the Construction of Its Standard System of Crime and Punishment

海洋刑法中的海上犯罪,是指犯罪行为与海洋具有天然关联或者因为发生在海洋而对其定罪量刑发生影响的犯罪。我国涉海刑事立法和刑事司法未注意到海洋刑法的特性与要求,将适用于陆地上的罪刑规范照搬适用于海洋,导致诸多问题。立法上应增设维护海洋权益、海洋安全和海洋秩序的罪刑规范,司法上我国现行刑法规定的相关罪刑规范,其内容还不能完全适应打击海上犯罪的需要,须进一步明确其适用于海洋时的规范内容。我国缔结或参加的一些国际条约也规定了适用于海洋的国际犯罪,应将涉海国际条约中的国际犯罪转换为国内刑法中的罪刑规范,可根据侵犯法益的性质,规定在刑法分则的相应章节。

Sea crime in sea criminal law refers to a crime in which a criminal act has a nature association with the oceans or that has an impact on the conviction and sentencing in the sea.China’s marine criminal legislation and criminal justice did not pay attention to the characteristics and requirements of the sea criminal law,and comply applied the norm of the crime and punishment on land to the sea,which caused many problems.Legislation should be added to the norm of the crime and punishment about safeguarding marine rights、marine safety and marine order.Judicial,the content of the relevant crimes stipulated in the current criminal law of China cannot fully meet to the demand of combating sea crime,so it needs to further clarify its application to the normative content of the sea.Some international treaties concluded or participated in by our country also stipulate international crimes applicable to the sea,they should transform international crimes in the international treaties into the norm of the crime and punishment in domestic criminal law,which can be stipulated in the corresponding chapters of the specific provisions of criminal law according to its nature of the infringed legal interests.