我国涉外民商事司法中的选法推理谬误及其矫正

在涉外民商事争议的法律适用中,对争议定性、确定相应的冲突法规则、查明外国法内容并予以适用构成了一个严密的推理过程。当前部分裁判在这一推理过程中的逻辑存在瑕疵,主要表现为对争议“涉外性”的认定不够统一、对法律关系的识别不够准确、对争议事项的分割不尽合理、对我国冲突法规则体系存在误读、对外国法内容的理解不够充分等。现有立法的国际化取向和制度体系的内在不足,以及裁判人员在思维及知识层面的欠缺是导致上述逻辑瑕疵的基本原因。对此,应考虑用人类命运共同体理念指导涉外民商事立法及选法实践,完善国际私法立法,加强类案裁判制度和外国法查明制度的建设,并提高司法机关专门化和裁判人员专业化程度。

In the determination of the governing law for resolving foreign-related civil and commercial disputes,the identification of dispute nature,selection of conflict norms,and application of applicable law demand meticulous scrutiny and reasoning.However,the process of selecting the governing law in Chinese judicial practice exhibits certain deficiencies,notably in five aspects.Firstly,different courts may interpret“foreign-related”issues differently.Second,there is an imprecise classification of legal relationships.Third,the practice of dépeçage is often applied without justification.Fourth,there is a deviation in understanding China's rules governing the choice of law.Finally,there is a misunderstanding of the content and efficacy of foreign laws.The root causes of these logical flaws can be traced to the inherent deficiencies in the legislation with an international orientation and in the current system of relevant institutions,and to the inadequacies in the judges'thinking methods and their professional knowledge as well.To address these challenges,it is essential to incorporate the vision of a Human Community with a Shared Future into legislation and legal judgments.Additionally,efforts should be directed toward improving the legislation of the private international law system,establishing a class case system,formulating rules for ascertaining foreign law,enhancing the specialization of judicial organs,and professionalizing judges.