政治极化与国家治理之困——基于当代英国社会冲突的历史考察

Political Polarization and the Dilemma of National Governance——Based on a Historical Examination of Social Conflicts in Contemporary Britain

近年来,日益加剧的社会冲突给英国国家治理带来了一系列挑战。这些社会冲突发生在金融危机、脱欧、福利国家改革、生活成本危机等英国经济社会发展的困难时期,对英国的政治走向产生了深远影响。面对频繁发生的社会冲突,英国政府在新自由主义理念的影响下,不断通过制度化措施,为垄断资本开辟盈利空间,并对普通民众的利益诉求进行压制,从而在社会冲突治理过程中逐渐走上了一条政治极化之路,英国的国家治理也随之陷入危机。新自由主义制度化实践和政治极化之间的多重关联,表征出当代英国社会冲突发生的深层逻辑。在当代英国国家治理中,新自由主义制度化实践的困境,凸显出深刻反思新自由主义治理范式的必要性。

In recent years,the escalating social conflicts have continued to impact the politics,economy,and society of the UK,posing a series of challenges to the governance of the country.These social conflicts have arisen during difficult periods in the UK's social development,such as the financial crisis,Brexit,welfare state reforms,and a cost of living crisis,exerting profound influences on the trajectory of British politics.Faced with frequent social conflicts,the UK government,under the dominance of neoliberal ideology,has continuously implemented institutional measures to create profit opportunities for monopoly capital while suppressing the demands of ordinary citizens.Consequently,the country has gradually embarked on a path of political polarization in the management of social conflicts,leading to a crisis in the governance of the UK.The multiple connections between neoliberal institutional practices and political polarization signify the underlying logic behind contemporary social conflicts in the UK.In the governance of modern-day Britain,the challenges posed by neoliberal institutional practices underscore the necessity for a profound reevaluation of the neoliberal governance paradigm.