城市公共交通领域的社会风险治理——基于政策文本的分析

Social Risk Governance in Urban Public Transportation:An Analysis Based on Policy Texts

顺利实施城市公共交通优先发展战略,应重视社会风险治理,保障公众出行安全。本文在风险治理视域下,基于风险源分析,构建“客体—主体—工具”理论框架,对1980—2020年83份中央层面城市公共交通安全政策文本进行分析。结果显示,在客体维度,新兴风险治理滞后、多元风险化解不当、感知风险重视不足都有可能诱发社会安全事件,只有决策者注意到的风险源才能成为客体;在主体维度,以政府内的跨部门协作为主,政府与外部的横向互动有待提高;在工具维度,规制性工具是首选“利器”,激励性、参与性和信息性工具使用尚不充分,亟待优化。在此基础上,本文从这三个维度着手提出政策建议。

To successfully implement the priority development strategy of urban public transport,we should pay attention to social risk governance and ensure public travel safety.Under the threshold of risk governance,this paper collects the risky sources,build the theoretical framework of“object subject tool”,and analyze 83 urban public transport safety policy texts at the central level from 1980 to 2020.The results show that:On the dimension of object,lagging emerging risk governance,improper resolution of multiple risks,and insufficient risk perception may all lead to the recurrence of social security events.Anyway,it may not be the object unless the decision makers have noticed;on the dimension of subject,the cross-departmental cooperation within the government is the main one,and the horizontal interaction between the government and the outside world needs to be improved;on the dimension of tool,regulatory tools are the first choice of“sharp weapon”,and the incentive,participatory and informative tools are not fully used,and they need to be optimized urgently.On this basis,this paper puts forward suggestions from these three dimensions.