基于CiteSpace文献计量的社会风险研究——20年来的进展及语义框架建构

Social Risk Research Based on CiteSpace Progress over the Past 20 Years and Semantic Framework Construction

现代化的进程中,社会风险如影随形,而当前各类研究“社会风险”的文献中存在话语指代不明、缺乏统一认识等问题,“社会风险”一词成为未经批判的概念。本文通过CSSCI(1998—2020)文本分析,运用文献计量方法和纵向横向语料相结合的方式,勾勒出我国不同学科视角下关于“社会风险”的话语谱系和方式变迁历程。研究发现:(1)相关研究多集中于社会科学类和经管类,且有多学科交叉融合的趋势;(2)多学科视角下的“社会风险”呈现出一定程度的融合性和一致性的机理特征,即风险来源的复杂性、风险演化的链式反应和风险后果的破坏性;(3)通过对“社会风险”内在特征的抓取,最终建构“风险源—风险事件链—风险后果”的语义框架。在理论上,研究拓展了传统定义的指标维度,且通过提出“风险事件链”,深描了风险源与风险后果的演化逻辑,充实了概念框架。在应急管理上,风险治理过程中除了在风险源的识别和控制外,也可通过风险事件链进行有效防控。

In the process of modernization,social risk is an inevitable norm,but the current literature on“social risk”,there is a lack of clarity in the discourse and uniformity in the understanding of the term.The term“social risk”has become an uncritical concept.Based on the CSSCI(19982020)text analysis,using the method of bibliometrics,the combination of vertical and horizontal corpus,this paper outlines the discourse pedigree and the change process of the way of“social risk”from the perspective of different disciplines in China.The study found that:(1)studies in this area were mostly concentrated in the social sciences and the management,and there was a trend of cross-integration of multiple disciplines;(2)“social risk”from a multidisciplinary perspective exhibit a certain degree of integration and consistency of the mechanism characteristics,that is,the complexity of risk sources,the chain reaction of risk evolution,and the destructiveness of risk consequences;(3)through the capture of the inherent characteristics of“social risk”,this paper finally constructs a semantic framework of“risk source-risk event chain-risk consequence”.Theoretically,the study expands the traditional definition of indicators,and by proposing a“risk event chain”,the evolutionary logic of risk sources and risk consequences is deeply described and the conceptual framework is enriched.In terms of management,in addition to the identification and control of risk sources,risk event chains can also be used for effective prevention and control in the risk management process.