社交网络中灾害信息传播的“脱嵌”现象初探——以2021年南通风灾为例

The“Disembeddedness”of Disaster Information Transmission in Social Media:A Case Study of the Nantong Wind Disaster in 2021

近年来,极端天气事件愈发频繁,屡次成为社交媒体中的热点议题。本文尝试揭示极端天气发生时社交媒体灾害信息的传播特征,以及政府是否合理、高效地运用了社交媒体工具。本文从综合应急管理理论出发,以2021年南通风灾为案例,运用LDA主题模型对相关微博文本进行内容分析,分阶段总结关键主题,再结合社会网络方法,重点分析信息转发网络和共词网络。研究发现,社交媒体中的灾害治理多元主体信息传播行为一定程度上“脱嵌”于当前制度设计。在信息角色层面,政府应急管理部门没有主导信息传播;在内容层面,社交媒体中灾害信息主题多是被动的灾情描述,难以长期聚焦稳定的应急相关议题,信息的扩散难以体现应急管理实际需求,扩散过程具有分布式结构化特征。社交媒体中的灾难信息具有独特的传播逻辑。在应急管理实践中,政府部门应从四个方面提高信息传播能力。

In recent years,extreme weather events have become increasingly frequent and have repeatedly become hot topics on social media.This article attempts to reveal the characteristics of disaster information dissemination on social media during extreme weather events,as well as whether the government has used social media tools reasonably and efficiently.Starting from comprehensive emergency management theory and using the Nantong wind disaster in 2021 as a case study,this article uses LDA topic modeling to conduct content analysis of related Weibo texts,summarizing key topics in stages,and then combining social network methods to focus on the information forwarding network and co-occurrence network.The study finds that the information dissemination behavior of multiple stakeholders in disaster governance on social media is to a certain extent“disembedded”from the current institutional design.At the information role level,the emergency management department of the government did not lead information dissemination;at the content level,the disaster information themes on social media were mostly passive disaster descriptions,making it difficult to focus on stable emergency-related issues in the long term,and the diffusion of information did not reflect actual emergency management needs and had a distributed structured feature.Disaster information on social media has a unique logic of dissemination.In emergency management practice,government departments should improve their information dissemination capabilities from four aspects.