雾霾之下:公众感知雾霾风险的心理特征测度与风险治理策略——基于全国12个城市的调查数据

Under Haze: Psychological Characteristic Measurement of Public Haze Risk Perception and Risk Governance Strategies——Based on Survey Data from 12 Cities of China

雾霾在我国已经成为社会性风险,急需与之相匹配的风险治理能力。准确测度公众感知雾霾风险的心理特征是推进雾霾风险治理能力现代化的重要前提。本文以风险感知理论为基础,基于全国12个城市雾霾风险情境的调研数据,评价公众的雾霾风险感知等心理特征。研究发现,公众的雾霾风险感知普遍较高,表现在熟悉程度和可控制程度偏低,风险威胁程度较高,心理情绪趋于负面。公众在雾霾风险治理中的参与和沟通意愿较强,但信任程度较低。最后,本文从构建多元主体参与的雾霾风险防范治理结构、积极开展公众心理疏导和治疗、畅通雾霾风险信息传递沟通渠道几个方面提出了治理政策建议。

Haze has become a social risk in our country,and it is urgent to match the risk governance ability.Accurate measurement of the public’s psychological characteristics of haze risk perception is an important prerequisite for promoting the modernization of haze risk governance capability.Based on the risk perception theory,this paper evaluates the public’s haze risk perception and other psychological characteristics based on the survey data of haze risk scenarios in 12 cities in China.The study found that the haze risk perception of the public is generally higher,manifested in low familiarity and controllability,high risk threat and negative psychological mood.The public has strong willingness to participate and communicate in haze risk governance,but the degree of trust is low.Finally,this paper provides policy recommendations for improving haze risk governance from the aspects of building a multi-stakeholder participation haze risk prevention and governance structure,actively carrying out public psychological counseling and treatment,and smoothing haze risk information transmission and communication channels.