纱线条干不匀与纱线疵点的成因探讨

Discussion on the Cause of Yarn Unevenness and Yarn Defect

为有效提高纺纱和织造效率、改善布面外观质量,详细阐述原料特性、工艺效果、牵伸器材、车间温湿度、运转操作、细纱卷捻系统及络筒工序等在影响纱线条干均匀度和纱疵方面可包含的主要内容及影响因素。指出:提高纱线的条干均匀度、减少纱疵要重视原料的各项性能指标和原料选配;保证良好的开松、梳理工艺效果、原料混合工艺效果及牵伸工艺效果;保证牵伸钳口对纤维的控制强度及稳定性,在牵伸区配置新型专件、器材,拓展附加摩擦力界的宽度范围,通过安装集束装置提高须条的集合度,增强须条的内摩擦力场,规范牵伸系统的自清洁装置要求;重视车间的温湿度调节,减少其对纤维表面性能及工序效能的影响;规范运转操作,避免操作不当导致须条内正常纤维结构被破坏,减少因操作原因造成须条附入性疵点;重视细纱卷捻系统相关部件的选型和表面粗糙度,保证细纱设备运行稳定,并加强对络筒工序的管理。

In order to improve the efficiency of spinning and weaving and improve the appearance quality of cloth surface effectively,the main contents and factors of influencing yarn evenness and yarn defects in the aspects of raw material characteristics,process effect,drafting equipment,workshop temperature and humidity,operation,spinning frame winding system and winding process are expounded in detail.It is pointed out that the performance indexes and selection of raw materials should be emphasized to improve the yarn evenness and reduce yarn defects.The effect of opening and carding process,raw material mixing process effect and drafting process effect should be guaranteed to be good.To ensure the control strength and stability of the drafting roller nip on the fibers,configure new special parts and equipment in the drafting area to expand the width range of the additional friction field,improve the collection degree of cotton sliver by installing the bundle device,enhance the internal friction force field of cotton sliver,and regulate the self-cleaning device requirements of the drafting system.It is necessary to pay attention to the adjustment of temperature and humidity in the workshop to reduce its influence on the fiber surface properties and process efficiency.The operation is standardized to avoid damage to the normal fiber structure in cotton sliver due to improper operation,and to reduce the attachment defects of cotton sliver caused by the operation.It is necessary to pay attention to the shape and surface roughness of the related components of the spinning frame winding system,to ensure the stable operation of the spinning equipment,and to strengthen the management of the winding process.