法典化背景下环境法规范的类型区分与体系归属

Type Classification and System Attribution of Environmental Legal Norms Under the Background of Codification

在法典化背景下,确定环境法体系的范围是对环境法规范实施体系化操作的前提,为此需要对环境法规范作类型区分,进而判断各类环境法规范的体系归属。随着生态文明时代环境概念内涵的扩大与环境法疆域的拓展,环境法体系呈现出核心与边缘之分。核心环境法规范以专门环境立法的形式存在,具有调整目标的环境公益性、调整对象的环境关联性、监管主体的相对统一性等特征;边缘环境法规范则与其他领域立法、部门立法存在领域交叉与手段交叉。根据领域交叉的不同程度,可将领域交叉型环境法规范分为准核心环境法规范与纯外围环境法规范,其体系归属判断应综合考虑调整目标的环境公益性与调整对象的环境相关性;按照手段交叉的不同程度,环境民法、环境行政法、环境刑法等手段交叉型规范又可分为适用型、改革型与创新型环境法规范三类,其体系归属判断需综合考虑交叉规范的生态性、体系归属的适应性、立法模式的可行性等因素。

In the context of codification,determining the scope of the environmental law system is a prerequisite for the systematization of environmental law norms,and for this purpose,it is necessary to distinguish the types of environmental law norms and judge the systemic attribution of various environmental law norms.In the era of ecological civilization,due to the expansion of the concept of environment,the environmental law system consistsof a core part and marginal parts.The core environmental law norms exist in the form of special environmental legislation,which has the characteristics of environmental public welfare as regulatoryobjective,environmental relevance of regulatedtargets,and relative unity of regulatory agencies,while the marginal environmental law norms intersect with other legal fields and legal branches.According to the different degrees of crossover,the field-crossover environmental law norms can be divided into quasi-core environmental law norms and pure marginal environmental law norms,and the judgment of their system attribution should take into account the environmental public welfare of the regulatory objectives and the environmental relevance of the regulated targets.According to the different degrees of method crossover,environmental civil law,environmental administrative law,environmental criminal law and other method-crossover environmental law norms can be divided into three categories:applicable,reformed and innovative.Their system attribution should take into account the ecological nature of the intersection norms,the adaptability of the system attribution and the feasibility of the legislative model.