大数据时代“知情—同意”机制的实践困境与制度优化

Practical Dilemma and Institutional Optimization of "Informed-Consent" Mechanism in the Era of Big Data

知情同意机制是个人信息保护制度的基石,其理论基础在于个人信息自决权。在大数据时代,模糊的个人信息内涵导致知情同意机制流于形式,僵化严苛的知情同意原则难以适应维护公共利益和发展数字经济的需要。因此,个人信息保护应从“自我控制”模式转向“社会控制”模式,根据具体应用场景和风险评估构建个人信息综合治理体系,与此相对应,知情同意机制应从前端、静态转向动态、灵活。革新传统个人信息知情同意机制并非舍弃知情同意原则,而是在坚持知情同意机制价值操守的前提下优化知情同意规则体系。具体而言,应当进一步完善匿名化规则,健全“同意规则”,细化知情同意豁免规则,实现信息安全与信息自由、个人利益与公共利益的平衡。

The informed consent mechanism is the cornerstone of the personal information protection system,and its theoretical basis lies in the right to self-determination of personal information.In the era of big data,the vague connotation of personal information leads to a mere formality of the informed consent mechanism,and rigid and strict informed consent principles are difficult to meet the needs of safeguarding public interests and developing the digital economy.Therefore,personal information protection should shift from a"self-control"model to a"social control"model,and build a comprehensive personal information management system based on specific application scenarios and risk assessments.Correspondingly,the informed consent mechanism should shift from front-end and static to dynamic and flexible.Innovating the traditional personal information informed consent mechanism is not to abandon the principle of informed consent,but to reshape the informed consent rule system on the premise of adhering to the value of the informed consent mechanism.Specifically,it is necessary to further improve the anonymization rules,improve the"consent rules",refine the informed consent exemption rules,and achieve a balance between information security and information freedom,personal interests and public interests.