环境法典中的生态环境标准:属性、问题与体例

Ecological and Environmental Standards in Environmental Codes:Attributes,Problems and Styles

技术标准是对生产过程、产品或环境质量之合理指标化定型的规范系统。生态环境标准属于主要的技术标准之一,是对环境质量、风险管控、排放控制及其识别、操作或管理手段的指标化定型系统。生态环境标准并非法律规范,无论对于公法还是私法,生态环境标准的功能都是提供合理定型的事实以作为法律适用的参照。由于对标准与法律的关系认识不明确,导致生态环境标准制度在类型化、内容与效力、制定与审查备案程序等方面还存在一定问题。在环境法典编纂过程中,应根据“提取公因式”模式在总则中规定生态环境标准的总体或共性内容,根据不同生态环境标准的适用领域,在污染防治编、自然保护编、低碳发展编和生态环境责任编中分别做进一步完善的制度规定。

Technical standard is a normative system that reasonably indexes the quality of production process,product or environment.Eco-Environmental standard is one of the main technical standards,which is an indicator system of environmental quality,risk management and control,emission control and its identification,operation or management means.Eco-Environmental standards are not legal norms.Regardless of public law or private law,the function of Eco-Environmental standards is to provide reasonable and fixed index facts as the basis or reference of law application.Due to the unclear understanding of the relationship between standards and laws,there are still some problems in the classification,content and effectiveness,formulation and review and filing procedures of Eco-Environmental standards system.In the process of codification of environmental law,according to"vor die Klammer zu ziehen"mode,Eco-Environmental standards rules stipulated in the general part should be the overall or general content.According to different areas of application,the Eco-Environmental standards institution in the pollution control part,ecology and nature protection part,low carbon development part and environmental damage liability part should be further refined.