集体法益的刑法保护

Criminal Law Protection of Collective Legal Interests

在与公共法益等同意义上使用集体法益的概念,会导致集体法益概念丧失应有的价值与讨论意义,尤其不利于解决相关争议问题;集体法益不应等同于公共法益,而应限定为累积犯所侵犯的法益。从抽象层面提出对集体法益的保护侵害了个人法益(自由)、导致了处罚的前置化等观点,进而对集体法益的刑法保护持严格限制乃至否定态度,不仅可能掩盖问题的症结,而且容易形成以偏概全的结论。从集体法益的角度来说,某种状态或者条件是否属于集体法益,以及集体法益是否值得刑法保护需要具体分析,尤其是应以个人法益为核心进行判断;在刑法已经对相关法益提供了全面保护的前提下,没有必要另规定对集体法益的犯罪;从累积犯的角度来说,刑法所禁止的行为必须具有真实的累积效应,不能是猜想或者假设的。

level infringes individual legal interests(such as freedom),leads to opinions that uphold the preorientation of criminal punishment,and then advocates a strict restriction or even negative attitude towards the protection of collective legal interests under the Criminal Law,which may not only cover up the crux of the problem,but also can easily form a partial conclusion that is overgeneralization.From the perspective of collective legal interests,whether certain state or condition belongs to collective legal interests and whether such collective legal interests are worthy of the protection of the Criminal Law,all need to make specific analysis,especially to make judgment based on individual legal interests as the core.Under the premise that the Criminal Law has provided comprehensive protection to relevant legal interests,there is no need to stipulate another crime to specifically protect collective legal interests.From the perspective of the accumulative crime,the act prohibited by the Criminal Law should have the cumulative effect for real,while such effect cannot be guessed or assumed.