论我国特殊工时制的改造:在弹性与保障之间

On Transformation of China’s Special Working Hours System:Between Flexibility and Protection

我国现行特殊工时制不仅滞后于整体社会发展,而且存在规定粗糙、不完善的问题。实践中既有部分用人单位正当的工时弹性化需求得不到满足,也有部分用人单位滥用特殊工时制侵犯劳动者的权益。将来在改造特殊工时制时,首先应该同步调整严格而僵化的标准工时制,保障特殊工时制下劳动者的休息权,考虑引入其他的工时弹性化手段,加强监督检查并加重法律责任。然后可以适度放宽综合计算工时工作制适用的岗位范围,对不定时工作制则应从严把握。最后,应将适用特殊工时制的前提条件设定为"行政许可"加"劳动者个人同意",并明确未经审批的特殊工时制约定无效。

China’s current special working hours system not only lags behind the overall social development,but also has the problem of rough and imperfect regulations.In practice,there are not only some employers’legitimate demand for flexible arrangement being not met,but also some employers abusing the special working hours system to infringe on the rights and interests of workers.In the future,when reforming the special working hours system,we should first adjust the strict and rigid standard working hours system,protect the workers’right to rest under the special working hours system,consider introducing other flexible means of working hours,strengthen supervision and inspection and increase legal liability.Then,we can expand the scope of posts applicable to the comprehensive calculated working hours system,while tightening the application of flexible working hours system.Finally,the prerequisites for the application of the special working hours system should be set to"administrative license"plus"personal consent of the worker",and we have to make clear that the agreement of special working hours without administrative approval is invalid.