生态环境损害民事责任中“技改抵扣”的法理及适用

Jurisprudence and Application of "Technical Reform Deduction" in Civil Liability for Eco-Environmental Damage

"技改抵扣"具有相当程度的正当性和必要性,对其法律性质不能笼统界定而应拆分理解,"技改"是一种创新性的判决替代执行或履行方式,"抵扣"是一种责任在执行阶段替代履行后的正常抵扣,具有奖励性质。其适用于主体是非生物意义上自然人的生态环境损害案件和生态环境服务功能损失赔偿、赔礼道歉等责任形式,技改抵扣数额最多不应超过原生态环境服务功能损失赔偿金的50%,且以技改投入的成本金额为限。在适用条件上,抵扣的"技改项目"应当具备取得环境整治实效、关联性和严于国家或地方有关达标排放标准三要素。"技改抵扣"由生态环境损害者主动申请,法院决定是否适用,在生态环境损害发生后、案件审理期间和判决生效后均可开始实施,但生态环境损害发生前已经开始实施的"技改项目"不可"抵扣",法院应当确立合理的"技改项目"完成期限,最长不应超过原生态环境损害民事责任的履行时间。

"Technical reform deduction"has a considerable degree of legitimacy and necessity,and its legal nature should be understood separately rather than defined generally,"technical reform"is an innovative alternative execution or performance of judgment,while"deduction"is a normal deduction after replacing the performance of responsibility in the execution stage,which has the nature of reward."Technical reform deduction"is only applicable to the following scopes:one is the ecological environment damage case whose subjects are natural person in the non-biological sense;the other is the liability form of compensation for the loss of ecological environmental service function andapology.The amount of technical renovation deduction should not exceed 50%of the compensation for the loss of original ecological environmental service function,and the amount of technical renovation investment is limited to the amount of the cost.In terms of applicable conditions,the deductible"technical reform project"should have the three elements of achieving effective environmental remediation,relevance and strict compliance with national or local emission standards."Technical reform deduction"shall be applied by the parties who damage the ecological environment on their own initiative,and the court shall decide whether it is applicable."Technical reform project"can be implemented after the ecological environment damage occurs,during the trial of the case,and after the judgment becomes effective.However,the"technical reform project"has been implemented before the ecological environment damage cannot be"deducted".The court should establish a reasonable time limit for the completion of the"technical reform project",and the longest time should not exceed the time for the performance of civil liability for damage to the original ecological environment.