破产法与反垄断法的异化与共生

Alienation and Symbiosis of Bankruptcy Law and Antitrust Law

破产法实现破产财团价值最大化的效率目标与反垄断法的公平竞争秩序维护目标存在龃龉,破产法的集体清偿框架与反垄断法厌恶组织财产的聚集状态有所罅隙,破产法的预算软约束机制与反垄断法的竞争政策优先存在冲突。在不考虑"诺艾尔-潘宁顿规则"的例外情形下,适用"主管机关-行为绩效-影响范围-作用后果"的分析框架,可分析得出反垄断法适用破产程序。在破产法中融入垄断行为的禁止规定,可协调两部法律适用的紧张关系。当破产法与反垄断法的法益发生冲突时,以破产抗辩构成要件的历史沿革为例,立法愈发偏向社会公共利益。破产抗辩制度应当体现反垄断法的立法宗旨,淡化破产法因素。运用"信任-核实"准则可判断出国家对危困企业援助的合法性,应当从适用范围、救助形式、考量因素、竞争损害四个维度控制危困企业的国家援助。

Bankruptcy law’s character,such as efficiency goal of maximization assets value,collective settlement framework and soft budget constraint mechanism,is conflict with antitrust law’s character,such a s fair play goal,aversion of organization and property aggregation state and competition policy priority.Without the exception of Noerr-Pennington Rule,applying the analysis mechanism of"authorities——behavior performance——sphere of influence-impact",we can find the fact that antitrust law can be used in bankruptcy procedure.Integrated antitrust rules into the bankruptcy law,the tension status of the two laws can be relieved.From the aspect of key component evolution of failing firm defense,public interest is increasingly taking seriously.Failing firm defense should desalt bankruptcy factors."Trust but verify"principle is the proper standard to examine state aid for rescuing and restructuring undertakings in difficulty.State aid should be controlled from the scope,form,factors and effects.