公平竞争审查的合宪性审查进路

Constitutional Review Approach of Fair Competition Review

我国公平竞争审查制度建设虽已全面展开,但实效并不明显。究其根源,试图以行政规制思维补救反垄断执法机制之不足难以撼动问题根本,且导致公平竞争审查非正式化、政策化、运动化,无法有效解决行政性垄断问题,还存在离散我国法律体系的弊害,碎片化我国宪法、反垄断法、行业法之间的关系。从本质上看,公平竞争审查问题应向宪法问题回归,应在宪法体系下进行制度建构,形成四位一体的公平竞争审查体系,强化公平竞争审查的合宪性审查,其具体方案是,对《宪法》中的公平竞争相关条款进行解释,在《立法法》中引入公平竞争审查条款,将规章也纳入审查范围,保障反垄断执法机构和市场主体的建议权行使,完善合宪性审查建议回复和公开制度,以人工智能辅助审查体系为技术支撑,促进形成公平竞争合宪性审查先例,并通过其广泛的法律效力约束行政机关的法规规章制定行为,以避免政府对市场经济的不当干预。

Although Chinese fair competition review system has been developed,its effectiveness is not obvious.From the root,It is difficult to remedy the deficiency of the antitrust enforcement mechanism with the thought of administrative regulation,which brings the features of informality,policy and movement of fair competition review,looses the legal system,and fragments the relationship of the constitution,antitrust law and industry laws of our country.In essence,the issue of fair competition review should be returned to the constitution,its system constructed under the construction,and a four-in-one fair competition review system formed.Therefore,the way of constitutional review for fair competition review should be strengthened,the relevant provisions of the Constitution on fair competition explained,the fair competition review clause in the Legislative Law introduced,administrative rules of agencies under the State Council and local governments included in the scope of review,the right of making suggestions of antitrust enforcement agency and market subjects guaranteed,the system of reply and publicity of constitutional review improved,and a system of AI-assisted review to be used.If so,some precedents of the constitutional review of fair competition will be formed,and by its extensive legal effects,restrict the making of administrative laws and regulations and avoid the government’s improper interference in the market.