和而不同:隐私权与个人信息的规则界分和适用

Harmonyand Difference: Demarcation and Application of Privacy and Personal Information Rules

从比较法的经验来看,个人信息和隐私的界分一直不明确,导致两者之间的权利保护规则的区分并不清晰,我国《民法典·人格权编》分别规定了隐私权与个人信息保护,并且规定了在两者发生重复情形下应优先适用隐私规则,但因为个人信息和隐私具有重合性,因此必须在法律上对其进行区分。隐私权规则优先适用的原因在于:权利不得减损、人格尊严高于私法自治。由于个人信息具有集合性、可利用性、自动处理性等性质,因此有必要在立法上制定专门的《个人信息保护法》,对个人信息予以全面保护。

From the experience of comparative law,the distinction between personal information and privacy has been unclear,resulting in the unclear distinction between the two sets of rules for rights protection.The Book of Personality Rights in Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China stipulates privacy and personal information separately,it also stipulates that privacy rules should be applied first in the case of duplication of the two.Personal information and privacy must be distinguished legally because they overlap sometimes.The reasons for the priority application of privacy rules are:rights cannot be derogated and personal dignity is higher than private law autonomy.Since personal information has the nature of collection,availability,and automatic processing,it is necessary to formulate a special"Personal Information Protection Law"in legislation to provide comprehensive protection for personal information.